侧卧手术体位对老年患者眼压变化的影响及护理观察要点

目的探讨使用有效的测量工具和在适合的测量时间段采集侧卧手术体位老年患者基础数据,找出患者眼压变化随体位变化的规律,旨在制订有效的护理预防措施。方法选取2019年3—6月在首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院中心手术室完成胸科胸腔镜手术的老年患者31例。使用icare回弹式眼压计分别于患者入手术室后、全身麻醉插管后、侧卧5 min、侧卧30 min、术中1 h、术中2 h、术中3 h、翻身拔管、出室前9个时间点测量双眼眼压,同时记录每个时间点患者的血压、心率数据,记录手术过程中液体出入量、特殊用药等。结果患者侧卧5 min、侧卧30 min、术中1 h、术中2 h、术中3 h的血压与入室后比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同时间点的心率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。麻醉插管后患者双眼眼压均低于入室时眼压,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);侧卧30 min、术中1 h、术中2 h、术中3 h的双眼眼压与入室后眼压比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);侧卧5 min、侧卧30 min、术中1 h、术中2 h、术中3 h的受压侧眼压与非受压侧眼压比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,患者平均动脉压与受压侧眼及非受压侧眼的眼压均无相关性(r值分别为-0.1138、0.0179,P>0.05)。进入手术间时患者测试视力与术后6 h回病房后测试视力比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论胸腔镜手术老年患者的眼压随手术体位变化而波动,从侧卧5 min开始眼压出现变化,2 h内受压侧眼眼压达到高峰,体位恢复平卧位后,眼压随即恢复到入室时水平。本研究未发现血压与眼压变化的相关性。     

Long-term outcomes of rigid ring versus De Vega annuloplasty for functional tricuspid regurgitation: A propensity score-matching analysis

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to compare the outcomes of rigid ring versus De Vega annuloplasty for the treatment of functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR).MethodsFrom 2003 to 2017, De Vega annuloplasty (group D) was used in 231 patients, and rigid ring annuloplasty (group R) was used in 204 patients for the treatment of functional TR during left-sided valve surgery. A propensity score-matching analysis was used to pair group D (n = 109) with group R (n = 109). The primary outcomes were long-term overall survival and cardiac death, and the secondary outcomes were tricuspid valve-related events and TR recurrence (TR moderate or severe). The follow-up data were complete in 99.6% (447 out of 449) of the patients with a follow-up duration of 102 months.ResultsThere were no differences in the overall survival and cardiac death between the propensity score-matched groups (P = .793 and P = .175, respectively) up to 14 years after surgery. Tricuspid valve-related events, including cardiac death, permanent pacemaker implantation, thromboembolism, bleeding and tricuspid valve reoperation were also similar between the 2 matched groups during the follow-up (P > .999). However, cumulative incidence of TR recurrence was significantly higher in group R than in group D (P = .007). Multivariate analysis indicated the annuloplasty method (De Vega) and preoperative TR grade as risk factors for late TR recurrence.ConclusionsIn functional TR, annuloplasty methods did not influence long-term overall survival, cardiac mortality, and tricuspid valve-related events. However, rigid ring annuloplasty showed less late TR recurrence. Rigid ring annuloplasty can be considered for the treatment of functional TR in terms of its better durability.     

The effect of induced joint restriction on plantar pressure during gait – a pilot study

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyse the effect of induced lower limb joint restriction on plantar pressures during gait. Focusing on restricting a single joint, without the effect of other co-morbidities, would provide better understanding as to the resultant plantar loadings during gait, which would be especially beneficial in patients requiring offloading procedures.Research QuestionDoes induced lower limb joint restriction affect plantar pressure distribution during gait?MethodsA prospective, quasi-experimental study was conducted, recruiting ten healthy, adult participants who were instructed to walk barefoot over a Tekscan HR Mat™. This procedure was repeated after separately inducing restriction of the hip, knee and ankle joints. Mean peak plantar pressure (MPP) and pressure-time integral (PTI) data were analysed to compare between unrestricted and restricted data.ResultsSignificant plantar pressure changes were observed in the heel and first metatarsal regions. Rearfoot PTIs were increased with restriction of the contralateral hip (left p <0.001) (right p =0.02) and knee joints (left p =0.01) (right p =0.04). Both MPPs (left p =0.01; right p =0.01) and PTIs (left p =0.004; right p =0.03) were increased in the first metatarsal when restricting the hip joint of the same limb. MPP was decreased in the left first metatarsal with induced knee (left p =0.01; right p =0.04) and ankle (left and right p <0.001) joint restriction. Finally, MPP was decreased in the right first metatarsal with knee (left and right p =0.01) and ankle (left p =0.04; right p =0.01) joint restriction.SignificanceLimited joint mobility may have a direct effect on plantar pressure, particularly with restriction in the hip and knee joints, hence careful attention should be given especially in patients with conditions involving plantar loadings. Results in this study also show that PTI changes during gait should be equally evaluated clinically along with peak plantar pressure analysis.     

Recipient hypertonic saline infusion prevents cardiac allograft dysfunction

Objective

Hypertonic saline (HTS) has potent immune and vascular effects. We assessed recipient pretreatment with HTS on allograft function in a porcine model of heart transplantation and hypothesized that HTS infusion would limit endothelial and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction following transplantation.

Wound Closure Rates: A Comparison Between Advanced Practice Registered Nurse and Primary Care Physician Treatment

A retrospective and qualitative medical record review was conducted to identify patients who had been treated for an uncomplicated stage II, III, or IV sacral pressure injury between July and October 2017 at a large wound care center. Wound healing rates for 60 patients who had been treated by a primary care physician (n = 30) or an advanced practice registered nurse certified in wound care (n = 30) were compared. Wound closure at 3 months was used as the end point for assessment. Results indicated significant differences in wound healing rates for advanced practice registered nurse and physicians, 93% and 67%, respectively (P = .0125), as well as differences in care delivered by both providers.     

Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty for the Treatment of Nonoperable Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: Single-Center Experience with Low Initial Complication Rate

PurposeTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) for nonoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients during the initial experience of a single center.MethodsA total of 18 CTEPH patients (5 with residual pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy) were treated with BPA during the period 2014–2018 and were retrospectively reviewed. Mean age was 61 ± 19 years; 55% were female; mean pulmonary artery pressure was 44 ± 12 mmHg; cardiac output was 4.3 ± 1.0 l/min; and pulmonary vascular resistance was 8.4 ± 3.6 WU. Patients were evaluated by New York Heart Association functional class, 6-minute walk distance, N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide, echocardiography, right heart catheterization, and before and after completions of BPA.ResultsA total of 91 procedures were performed, with a median number of 4 BPA sessions per patient (range, 2–8). There were no deaths or major complications requiring extracorporeal support or (non)invasive ventilation. The most common complication was self-limiting hemoptysis (3%). According to Society of Interventional Radiology classification, 4 mild, 4 moderate, and 1 severe adverse events were noted. Invasive hemodynamics significantly improved, with a cardiac index increase of 15% (P = .0333), decrease of mean pulmonary artery pressure of 30% (P = .0013), and decrease of pulmonary vascular resistance of 45% (P = .0048). Stroke volume index (P = .0171) and pulmonary arterial compliance (P = .0004) were also significantly enhanced.ConclusionsBPA significantly improves cardiopulmonary hemodynamics with an acceptable safety profile. Further studies assessing the long-term efficacy of BPA are required.     

Haemodynamic profiles of etomidate vs propofol for induction of anaesthesia: a randomised controlled trial in patients undergoing cardiac surgery

Background

Etomidate is frequently selected over propofol for induction of anaesthesia because of a putatively favourable haemodynamic profile, but data confirming this perception are limited.